Sources and Further Reading: Sugar

Every claim in this episode is cited inline so you can check it yourself. Here is the full reference list in APA style. Use it to verify a fact, to dig deeper, or to start your own research for the project.

References

American Diabetes Association. (2023). Economic costs of diabetes in the U.S. in 2023. Diabetes Care, 46(2), 230-248.

Austen, J. (1814). Mansfield Park. Thomas Egerton.

Beckford, W. (1790). A descriptive account of the island of Jamaica. T. and J. Egerton.

Blackburn, R. (1997). The making of New World slavery: From the baroque to the modern, 1492-1800. Verso.

Clarkson, T. (1786). An essay on the slavery and commerce of the human species. J. Phillips.

Congressional Budget Office. (2023). The effects of the U.S. sugar program. https://www.cbo.gov

Equiano, O. (1789). The interesting narrative of the life of Olaudah Equiano. (Project Gutenberg edition.)

Fairtrade International. (2023). Monitoring report: Sugar. https://www.fairtrade.net

Food and Agriculture Organization. (2024). Sugar market review 2024. https://www.fao.org

Mintz, S. W. (1985). Sweetness and power: The place of sugar in modern history. Penguin Books.

Parliamentary Sugar Boycott Petition. (1791). British Parliamentary Archives.

Prince, M. (1831). The history of Mary Prince, a West Indian slave.

Schwartz, S. B. (Ed.). (2004). Tropical Babylons: Sugar and the making of the Atlantic World, 1450-1680. University of North Carolina Press.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. (2023). Sugar and sweeteners yearbook tables. USDA Economic Research Service. https://www.ers.usda.gov

U.S. Sugar Alliance. (2023). American sugar production: Economic impact and policy analysis.

Williams, E. (1994). Capitalism and slavery. University of North Carolina Press. (Originally published 1944.)

World Health Organization. (2023). Sugar consumption and global health economics. WHO Policy Brief Series.